Wednesday, February 25, 2026
נר תמיד
שם and שמה
Of plurals and singulars
תרשיש ושהם
One of the members of the חבורה where I heard this brought up an interesting point. At the beginning of שמות we seem to find a similar phenomenon. When listing the sons of יעקב a וי"ו is only used for the last name in each פסוק. Except for א:ד, where there is a וי"ו before נפתלי. It would seem that this is to differentiate between the נו"ן at the end of דן and the נו"ן at the beginning of נפתלי. However, here it seems only to be giving a recount and there is no one speaking to anyone. I do not know an answer to that problem.
Friday, February 20, 2026
The Lord and the Rings
| עשיה | צווי | |
| (ל"ז:ג)-- | (כ"ב:י"ב)-- | ארון |
| בָּתִּים לַבַּדִּים (ל"ז:י"ד) | לְבָתִּים לְבַדִּים (כ"ה:כ"ז) | שלחן |
| לְבָתִּים לְבַדִּים (ל"ז:כ"ז) | לְבָתִּים לְבַדִּים (ל:ד) | מזבח הזהב |
| בָּתִּים לַבַּדִּים (ל"ח:ה) | (כ"ז: ד)-- | מזבח החיצון |
I have accentuated the problematic portion of the word, namely the vowel underneath the למ"ד which seems to change inexplicably. Any ideas?
ונהפוך הוא
ככר זהב
Watch out for that קמץ
Tuesday, February 10, 2026
האשה וילדיה
Three strikes and you're out
שארהּ - מפיק הא.
כסותהּ - מפיק הא.
ועונתהּ - מפיק הא.
ואם שלש אלה לא יעשה להּ - כלומר: מי שלא יבטא את שלשת המפיקים, אז - ויצא חינם אין כסף - לא ישלמו לו משכורת על הקריאה...
The Ox and his Friend
"...שור שהיה מתכון לחברו" an ox that had intention to gore 'his friend.' It seems the ox is not the social outcast the אבן עזרא had perceived him to be. But Daniel explained that the answer must be that there is a difference between the term רֵע used in our פסוק, and the term חבר used in the חבר .משנה comes from the root meaning connection. A חבר is merely one who has a specific connection with the other. This connection may be as simple as both being oxen. A רֵע, a term used to denote a more serious friendship, implies a deeper connection which an ox does not have. Except, of course, with בן זוטא.
Answer vs. Torture
Thanks to ba in the comments, here is a nice list of words in תנ"ך that are the same but different.
Give it to me
Tricky Vowels
כ"א: כ"ט וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא
כ"א:ל"ו אוֹ נוֹדַע כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא
Jewish Milk
Thursday, February 5, 2026
Many who fear God
I have been asked on a number of occasions if there is a difference in the exact pronunciation of a חיריק חסר and a חיריק מלא. I believe that "by the rules" there likely should be a subtle difference in the strength of the "ee" sound if there is no יו"ד. However, I usually suggest that it is far too risky to try to differentiate. I have a separate blurb about how we tend to pronounce a שוא two different ways, depending on the context and it should probably be one or the other. But my real point here is that if you try to soften a חיריק it will get too close to a שוא and the above point is a perfect example of why that is not worth the risk and better to pronounce all חיריקs the same.
By the Thousands
In the עשרת הדברות, we have (כ:ו) וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים There is a פתח under the ל. Now, under normal circumstances, a ל+פתח indicates the definite - to the, a short form of לְהַ, whereas ל+שוא would indicate the indefinite - to a. However, those rules change when the main word begins with a שוא or חטף. Since a word may not begin with two שואs, the פתח is used for the indefinite, whereas, in this case the definite would be indicated by a ל+קמץ. In a previous year, I corrected the בעל קריאה when he said לָאֲלָפִים.
Curiously, in just a couple of weeks, we will read the י"ג מידות in כי תשא. There we find (כ"ד:ז) נֹצֵר חֶסֶד לָאֲלָפִים. Why does it change from לַאֲלָפִים to לָאֲלָפִים, from thousands to the thousands?
I posed this question to a WhatsApp Dikduk group. The sum of the answers I received amounts to the following: In the עשרת הדברות, the "the" is not necessary because thousands is immediately qualified by אוהבי ולשומרי מצותי. When אלפים is used in the י"ג מדות is referencing "the know" thousands, as previously explained. That is why it is in the definite form.
לצאת
בַּחדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לְצֵאת בְּנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל
This surely seems to be a change in meaning. However, even the word itself seems to change meaning, if the context of the word implies the proper meaning, this may render the mistake forgivable. In our case, there seems to be no logical understanding of the pasuk with the word לָצֵאת. Perhaps, then, this mistake is not as grave as it seems. [However, I would still correct it on the spot.]
Furthermore, commenter Elie points out the following:
מה תאמרו על תחילת הפטרת בוא
לָבוא נבוכדראצר וגו'
וזה ברור שהוא כמו כאן לצאת
אע"פ שמנוקד בקמץ
That being said, we do find the word with the same meaning with a פתח under the ל. So perhaps even the meaning does not change.
On top of Old Smokey...
רם ונשא
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