Tuesday, February 10, 2026
האשה וילדיה
Three strikes and you're out
שארהּ - מפיק הא.
כסותהּ - מפיק הא.
ועונתהּ - מפיק הא.
ואם שלש אלה לא יעשה להּ - כלומר: מי שלא יבטא את שלשת המפיקים, אז - ויצא חינם אין כסף - לא ישלמו לו משכורת על הקריאה...
The Ox and his Friend
"...שור שהיה מתכון לחברו" an ox that had intention to gore 'his friend.' It seems the ox is not the social outcast the אבן עזרא had perceived him to be. But Daniel explained that the answer must be that there is a difference between the term רֵע used in our פסוק, and the term חבר used in the חבר .משנה comes from the root meaning connection. A חבר is merely one who has a specific connection with the other. This connection may be as simple as both being oxen. A רֵע, a term used to denote a more serious friendship, implies a deeper connection which an ox does not have. Except, of course, with בן זוטא.
Answer vs. Torture
Thanks to ba in the comments, here is a nice list of words in תנ"ך that are the same but different.
Give it to me
Tricky Vowels
כ"א: כ"ט וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא
כ"א:ל"ו אוֹ נוֹדַע כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא
Jewish Milk
Thursday, February 5, 2026
Many who fear God
I have been asked on a number of occasions if there is a difference in the exact pronunciation of a חיריק חסר and a חיריק מלא. I believe that "by the rules" there likely should be a subtle difference in the strength of the "ee" sound if there is no יו"ד. However, I usually suggest that it is far too risky to try to differentiate. I have a separate blurb about how we tend to pronounce a שוא two different ways, depending on the context and it should probably be one or the other. But my real point here is that if you try to soften a חיריק it will get too close to a שוא and the above point is a perfect example of why that is not worth the risk and better to pronounce all חיריקs the same.
By the Thousands
In the עשרת הדברות, we have (כ:ו) וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים There is a פתח under the ל. Now, under normal circumstances, a ל+פתח indicates the definite - to the, a short form of לְהַ, whereas ל+שוא would indicate the indefinite - to a. However, those rules change when the main word begins with a שוא or חטף. Since a word may not begin with two שואs, the פתח is used for the indefinite, whereas, in this case the definite would be indicated by a ל+קמץ. In a previous year, I corrected the בעל קריאה when he said לָאֲלָפִים.
Curiously, in just a couple of weeks, we will read the י"ג מידות in כי תשא. There we find (כ"ד:ז) נֹצֵר חֶסֶד לָאֲלָפִים. Why does it change from לַאֲלָפִים to לָאֲלָפִים, from thousands to the thousands?
I posed this question to a WhatsApp Dikduk group. The sum of the answers I received amounts to the following: In the עשרת הדברות, the "the" is not necessary because thousands is immediately qualified by אוהבי ולשומרי מצותי. When אלפים is used in the י"ג מדות is referencing "the know" thousands, as previously explained. That is why it is in the definite form.
לצאת
בַּחדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לְצֵאת בְּנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל
This surely seems to be a change in meaning. However, even the word itself seems to change meaning, if the context of the word implies the proper meaning, this may render the mistake forgivable. In our case, there seems to be no logical understanding of the pasuk with the word לָצֵאת. Perhaps, then, this mistake is not as grave as it seems. [However, I would still correct it on the spot.]
Furthermore, commenter Elie points out the following:
מה תאמרו על תחילת הפטרת בוא
לָבוא נבוכדראצר וגו'
וזה ברור שהוא כמו כאן לצאת
אע"פ שמנוקד בקמץ
That being said, we do find the word with the same meaning with a פתח under the ל. So perhaps even the meaning does not change.
On top of Old Smokey...
רם ונשא
לפיכך הפיסוק הנכון הוא:
Friday, January 30, 2026
בעל צפון
I was at a shiur this week where the name of this עבודה זרה was mispronounced as Ba'al Tzafon (with a קמץ under the צ). The מגיד שיעור corrected himself immediately but it got me thinking - what is the actual meaning of this name? If it is just the idol of the north, it should in fact be Tzafon. There is plenty of discussion in the commentaries about the fact that this was an עבודה זרה, but not so much the actual etymology of the name.
Someone in one of my WhatsApp Dikduk groups pointed me to a מדרש שכל טוב which explains that it is in fact a reference to the north but seems to indicate that it is similar to the word צפוני, northern, which does have a natural שוא under the צ. So the ending יו"ד is dropped but the שוא stays and that is how we have Tzefon.
While on the topic of this word, see כלי יקר דברים ב:ג regarding the connection between north, tzafon, and hidden, tzafun.
Leave us alone!
Exceptions Ahoy!
'מקדש ה
Friday, January 23, 2026
Talented Locusts
Better Not Butcher This One
Thursday, January 15, 2026
The Strange Thing about Frogs
A mem of a present tense piel doesn't take a dagesh. Not sure why.
Plurals and Singulars
נצי"ב and the Missing יו"ד
לא תקח לִבְנֶךָ. לְבִנְךָ מיבעי. ובא לרמז דהנושא גויה בכרת והיינו מיתה לפני זמנו. ונישאת לבנו השני. שהרי איסור אשת אח אין כאן. משום שאין קידושין תופשין בה:
לשון יחיד ורבים
ל"א והפשתה והשעורה, נוכתה: כי השעורה אביב, והפשתה גבעול ל"ב והחיטה והכוסמת, לא נוכו: כי אפילות, הנה :
Why is the first pasuk singular (נוכתה) and the second pasuk plural (נוכו)?Thank you very much! Chazak VeEmatz !משה שמואל וייס Moshe S. Weiss
Thank you very much!
אינני בטוח שיש סיבה מחלקת.
אולי לפשתה יש טעם משלה – אביב, ולשעורה טעם אחר - גבעול משא"כ חיטה וכוסמת שיש להם טעם משותף.
תשובת אפ"ר (אוריאל פרנק:: אינני בטוח ש"נוכתה" הוא לשון יחיד. השוה "בנות צעדה" והכתיב "ידינו לא שפכה" וכמ"שכ על כך בעבר. ע"כ תשובת אוריאל.
מעניין מאוד היום עיינתי בספר של זיידל על צורות רבים משונות. עדיין צריך להסביר למה המעבר לצורת רבים "סטנדרטית".
דקדוקי וארא סח
Friday, January 2, 2026
You Make the Call - אבל מצרים
Last week, the בעל קריאה said אֵבֶל מצרים instead of אָבֵל מצרים. I did correct it on the spot but it occurred to me afterward that perhaps it is only אָבֵל because of סמיכות in which case, I don't think it is a critical mistake absolutely requiring correction. Is that the case?
But I was wrong:
יש עוד מקומות כמו אָבל השיטים
לכן כשקרה אֵבל הוא עשה טעות חמורה